英语中的非谓语动词(英语常用非谓语动词)

来源:15手游网 时间:2022-10-19 06:53:25

非谓语动词归纳

非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。

根据句子成分的不同,它们被分为六类。

一、科目一。做;主动的、抽象的、常规的、一般的和连续的动作,这些动作是动态地进行的。

2.去做;主动的、具体的、一次性的、短暂的、尚未发生的动作,这些动作是动态完成的。

eg;阅读需要耐心和毅力。

晚饭后沿着河边散步是如此有趣。

3.注意; to do经常在句首用它作为形式主语而不是逻辑主语,而真正的逻辑主语放在句尾。

一般形式是a.it \'s adj to do sth。

eg;众所周知,拥有良好的视力很重要。

完成这项任务花了我3天时间。

用作形式主语,代替几种做的结构;没用/没用。浪费时间。没用,等等。

eg;为打翻的牛奶哭泣是没有用的。事情已经过去了

实例;

(1)日晒时间过长有助于对皮肤的伤害。

答。暴露的;暴露的

分析;选a. B可能选错了。误以为句子缺少状语,但观察发现,如果用作状语,那么这个句子就没有主语了。判断方法;划分句子的主谓宾。

3.动名词的复合结构;某人正在做/正在被做

我姐姐生病了,这让我们都很担心。

4.迁移;如果to do中主语和do之间有动宾关系,而形容词是hard。困难等等,那么do用主动态来表示动态。

eg;这个问题很难回答。

二。对象1。总结;做;长期动作,其他同上,动态如正在做。

去做;瞬态,已完成动作,其他同上,动态更改为待完成。

2.几种类型;大多数动词to do

只加做;想象一下。避免。错误。延迟。否认。风险。介意。佩服。逃跑等。

既可以加do,也可以加to,但意义不同;Regrememberforge承认等。(这些动词后面还可以接have done,意思和when do一样)

添加doingd时,手表被动;需要需要等等。在这种情况下,句子的主语一般是事物。

一般情况下,两者可以互换,但在某些情况下不能互换;开始/开始,喜欢/享受/爱等。前者只有在句子的主语是一个做时才能用do(当然这只是其中一种情况,还有其他需要注意的地方),而后者加do时,表示暂时的兴趣,但确实是长期的兴趣。

eg;我喜欢游泳,我喜欢跑步。(我一直喜欢游泳,但这几天又喜欢跑步了。后者是一时的兴趣,不知道以后会不会喜欢。)

3.动名词的复合结构;某人正在做的事(思考、想象、发现等)。),而且这类动词还可以把one的变成宾语,也就是doing变成宾语补足语。

介词one \' s do/o do

eg;你介意我打开窗户吗

平时在街上可以听到敲桌子的声音,但奇怪的是我听不到!

有事情要做

eg;我希望今天没有人在场,在这么多人面前讲话我感到很紧张。

4.不定式/动名词的完成式;表示宾语的动作发生在谓语动作之前,形式为to have done已做,have done已做。

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Eg;Yesterday when the Smiths come to vist us,we happened to have go out.(出去这个动作是发生在拜访之前的)

* 注意;下列动词的不定式的完成式表示虚拟,表示原打算做的动作却没有发生的

plan/ intend /prefer/mean(打算)/be to=had done+to do等

Eg;We intended to have gone to the concert,but the heavy rain hold us off.

5. it 作形式宾语;find /make/think等+it +to do sth

Eg; I think it useful to master computer technology.

6. 不定式的进行式:to be doing,表示宾语的动作与谓语同时发生。

Eg:When the teacher came in , Jhon pretended to be reading.

三.定语(分为前置定语和后置定语)

1..①doing;主动的,正在进行的,表功用,长期,延续的,一般性的动作

Eg; the walking stick(表功用) the man sitting at the table(正在进行的)

②being done;被动的,其他的同上

Eg;The issue being discussed at the meeting becomes a hot topic in the company.

③to do;主动的,尚未发生的,解释所修饰的名词,具体的动作

Eg; The person to speak in the class tonight set off everyone’s curiosity.

His attempt to escape from the prison failed again.

④done;被动态,表示已完成,或规律性的动作

Eg;a fallen leaf

The flowers sent to teachers on Sep.10th every year are always sold out very early.

2.注意①所修饰名词与定语存在动宾关系式,若定语中do是不及物动词的话,那么要在它的背后不上介词,但是若所修饰名词为space,room,nature时则不能加介词。

Eg;Please give me a pen to write in.

There’s no space for me to stand.

四.状语

(一) 分词作状语

① doing;主动,状语与主句的动作同时发生或前后间隔的时间很短,一般性的动作,否定形式是not doin

Eg;Hearing the cry for help,he rushed out to see what had happened.

② having done;主动,状语的动作先于主句发生,一般性,延续性动作,否定形式是not having done.

③ having been done;被动,可与done互换

④ done;已完成

⑤ being done;表原因,且done多为表示心理状态的动词

Eg;Being excited ,he burst into laughter.

但要注意,若句子中直接出现done的话,且表示了主语的心理状态,且与主句的动作伴随发生,那么它不是伴随状语,而是主补

Eg;Excited and surprised, he stood up in other guests’ applause,(他站起来的时候是既兴奋又惊讶的,而不是因为惊讶和兴奋而站起来的)

⑥ to do ;目的状语,与only连用时表示意想不到的结果,尚未发生的动作(doing是表示意料之中的结果)

Eg;He rushed to the station ,only to find the train had gone.

He was lost in his work, only stopping to have a drink.

2.独立主格结构(与分词连用)

①规律;状语和主句的主语不同,在状语前补上自己的逻辑主语。

Eg:Mike having cheated in the exam,the teacher felt angry with him.

②几种特殊结构;(1)it being(这里的it的用法为它的模糊功能,如指代天气等)

(2 )there being /to be

(3)with+ o+oc(doing /to do /being done /to be done /介词/adv/adj/n)

(4)主动表被动

Eg:It being sunny,we went out for a picnic.(it指代天气)

There being no bus, we had to walk home.

The teacher came into the classroom,(with a) book in (his) hand.

Weather permitting,we will go hiking.

3.注意;①被动形式但是表示的是主动的意思的词组:be located in ,be seated in/at,be devoted to,be lost /absorbed in,be occupied with,be charged with,be accused of, be supposed to等。

Eg:Devoted/Devoting himself to the medicine ,Doctor Henry has struggled for the career for his whole life.

②与连词的省略结构区别和联系,后者的用法和分词作状语及独立主格结构相似,不同的是后者没有having done和having been done结构。

Eg;When passing/you pass the street ,you should be more careful.

He found he needed to buy a stamp when passing/he passed the post office yesterday.

When choosing clothes, it needs insight.

五.补语

(一) 主补:①用形容词修饰主语 He went school hungry. They came back safe and sound.

②几种结构;(1)sb/sth be said/reported/known to do(表示主补的动作与谓语的动作同时发生或一般规律性的动作)to have done(表示主补的动作先于谓语的动作发生)

Eg:The temple was said to have been built in the Ming Dynasty.

Brazilian are known to play soccer well.

(2)由宾补转化来的大部分动词,凡是在被动句中原先主动句的宾补转化为主补,根据这一规律,判断时可将被动句还原成主动句再进行判断。

Eg;The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.

方法:可在句子的背后补上by people,再将句子转化为主动句,此时可知失踪的男孩在被发现的那一刻是正在河边玩的,故应用playing。

(二) 宾补:①have sb /sth do(已完成或一次性动作)/done(被动,已完成)/doing(一直在做或处于某种状态)

Eg:Have you seen the ad I had the publisher put yesterday (put是一次性已完成的动作)

I will have you tacked on the wall if you keep on laughing me.

The cruel boss have the little boy working all day long.

②make等系动词/let,have+o+do/done 使…怎么样

Eg:He had to raise his voice to make himself heard clearly by others.

Let’s go,guys!

③find/see/keep等+o+ +doing(正在进行的动作或延续性的动作)/done(被动态, 已完成)see+o+do(表示已完成的规律性动作或短暂性的)

Eg:When I was young I always saw my grandma sing.

We were frightened to find Jack being attacked by a tiger whale.

④get +o+done(已完成)/to do(尚未发生)

Eg;The workers failed to get the elephant gone,and had to call the experts to move it away.

⑤大部分动词+o+to do

Eg:He asked me to do the task.

(三)注意:1.诸如make等用do或done作宾补的使役动词在转化成被动句时要在do前面加上to,即to要还原。

Eg:I was made to work all day,but I felt it intresting.

2.宾补与双宾的区别在于前者中非谓语动词的执行者是宾语,而后者则是主语。

Eg;My brother promised me to join the army.(双宾,参军的是我哥哥)

My brother asked me to buy him a book.(宾补,买书的是我)

六.表语(与系动词连用)

1. doing:正在进行,规律性,状态

2. to do:尚未发生,具体的动作

3. done:状态,被动态

Eg: My dream was to become a teacher when I grow up.

The movie was so moving that many people couldn’t help crying.

I am tired and I want to sleep now.

4.注意:当一个主语从句中有to do 而主句的表语又为to do 时,表语的to do 可以省略。

Eg:What I am going to do is leave here and return for my home .

说明:在只列出doing /to do的用法中,其被动态也可以用的。

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